BIM

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process and methodology centred on the creation and management of digital representations of physical buildings. A BIM model is not just a 3D drawing — it is a database of objects (walls, columns, floors, doors, windows) that each carry parametric data about their material, dimensions, structural behaviour, cost, and maintenance requirements.

BIM is mandated for government-funded construction projects in many countries and is increasingly required for large private projects. In the UK, BIM Level 2 has been mandatory for central government projects since 2016. In India, BIM adoption is growing in the infrastructure and large building sectors, though mandates are not yet as widespread.

For heritage work, BIM is adapted into HBIM — adding heritage-specific attribute schemas and custom families to represent traditional building elements and materials that standard BIM libraries do not include.